Component industries
A Component Industry is all the different individual companies and organisations that make up the Travel and Tourism industry.
Accommodation-
There are two different types of accommodation; serviced and non-serviced.
Serviced accommodation is when everything is provided for you at your accommodation. An example of this is hotels. 7 star hotels provide top quality service and everything is provided for you in order to allow you to relax. Many of these hotels provide restaurants/bars and leisure facilities within the buildings to allow guests to
feel as comfortable as possible. An example of a hotel chain which provides 4/5 star hotels are the Marriott Hotels. Marriott International, Inc, is a global leading lodging company with more than 4,200 properties in 79 countries and territories. Their hotels provide a luxury and quality service. These hotels will usually attract inbound or outbound (for tourism purposes). In addition to this, domestic tourists may also use these types of hotels for business purposes such as holding meetings and conferences in the hotel's onsite conference rooms which are purposely made for business matters.
(Source 3: www.marriott.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 1: www.marriott.co.uk, 2015)
In addition to this, there are also budget hotels. These hotels are usually cheaper and in most cities and do not provide the luxuries like leisure facilities but they will often provide conference rooms for business meetings. An example of a chain of budget hotels are the Premier Inn. The Premier Inn have over 700 hotels all over the world. Their hotels provide a basic services such as breakfast in their on site restaurant, Wi-Fi and family rooms. These hotels would usually attract domestic tourists who are on a city break and do not want to spend a lot of money on accommodation or business tourists who want a cheap hotel which has on site business facilities to use (conference rooms & free Wi-Fi).
(Source 20: www.premierinn.com, 2015)
Non-serviced accommodation are usually individually owned. These types of accommodation do not provide basic amenities such as food and drink. An example of a non-serviced holiday park is Hoseasons Caravan Park. These parks will often provide some types of accommodation such as static caravans or log cabins. However, they mostly provide for people who bring their own caravans or people who want to camp. These caravan parks will often provide many leisure activities such as a public swimming pool and parks for children to play in. These caravan parks are usually cheaper than hotels so they appeal to more families and usually attract domestic tourists looking for a cheap get away in the UK.
(Source 4: www.hoseasons.co.uk, 2015)
Transport-
There are many different transport options to help you get around .
Airlines-
Airlines need to cater for both the business traveller and the leisure traveller, so the larger scheduled airlines may offer as many as four classes of service: first class, business class, premium economy class and economy class.British Airways is a long-haul airline and has an economy class; which specialise in flights in the UK, flights within Europe and longer international flights, premium economy; which specialise in selected international flights, business; which specialise in flights within Europe, longer international flights and flights between London City and New York JFK, and finally first class which only specialise in selected international flights. British Airways have equipped their first and business class cabins with sleeper seats. These seats recline to form a 'bed' to enable the business passenger to sleep more comfortably. The style of service and type and variety of meals and drinks offered will also vary by class of travel. Passengers in first and business class cabins are likely to be offered superior quality toiletry kits and gifts, as well as newspapers. British Airways also offer in-flight entertainment . This may include the latest films, electronic games and selection of audio channels. Outbound and inbound tourists would use British Airways for business trips abroad so they're able to get there as quickly and comfortably as possible. In addition to this, outbound and inbound tourist may also use British Airways for long-haul leisure trips if they prefer to use the luxuries that British Airways offer,
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Source 6: www.britishairways.com, 2015)
(Picture 2: www.britishairways.com, 2015)
Ryanair are a budget airline which specialise in cheap flights to and from the UK, Ireland and Europe. On Ryanair flights, there is only one class which means that all tickets are the same price. However, you are able to pre book your seats which will come at an extra cost. In addition to this you're able to pay extra for luxuries such as extra leg room and on board hot heals which are shown in an inflight menu. Ryanair also offer inflight entertainment such as: films, magazines and radio stations to keep passengers occupied during the flight. Ryanair appeal to inbound and outbound tourists going on leisure trips as a short city holiday if they prefer more budget and cheaper airlines.
(Source 21: www.ryanair.com, 2015)
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Source 6: www.britishairways.com, 2015)
(Picture 2: www.britishairways.com, 2015)
Ryanair are a budget airline which specialise in cheap flights to and from the UK, Ireland and Europe. On Ryanair flights, there is only one class which means that all tickets are the same price. However, you are able to pre book your seats which will come at an extra cost. In addition to this you're able to pay extra for luxuries such as extra leg room and on board hot heals which are shown in an inflight menu. Ryanair also offer inflight entertainment such as: films, magazines and radio stations to keep passengers occupied during the flight. Ryanair appeal to inbound and outbound tourists going on leisure trips as a short city holiday if they prefer more budget and cheaper airlines.
(Source 21: www.ryanair.com, 2015)
ferries-
Most UK ferry companies cater for either international sea journeys to and from places like France and Belgium or domestic sea journeys to and from the Channel Islands and Northern Ireland. However, more and more people are now choosing to use the Euro Tunnel or cheap airlines as a quicker option. On the other hand, ferries offer a wide range of facilities such as restaurants/bars, game rooms, duty free shops and lounges for late night trips.
P&O Ferries do 23 sailings a day from Dover to Calais and also do trips from Hull to Rotterdam, Hull to Zeeburgee, Troon to Larne, Cairnryan to Larne and Liverpool to Dublin. The also offer a wide range of facilities such as restaurants to enjoy a hot meal or fine dining experience with fantastic sea views. Duty-free onboard shops offering amazing discounts. A kid’s club and for those who like a bit of luxury, there’s a Club Lounge. Inbound and Outbound tourists are likely to use ferries as a mode of transport to get to close European countries for a short holiday for much cheaper than if they were to use air travel.
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Source 7: www.poferries.com, 2015)
(Picture 3: www.poheritage.com, 2015)
P&O Ferries do 23 sailings a day from Dover to Calais and also do trips from Hull to Rotterdam, Hull to Zeeburgee, Troon to Larne, Cairnryan to Larne and Liverpool to Dublin. The also offer a wide range of facilities such as restaurants to enjoy a hot meal or fine dining experience with fantastic sea views. Duty-free onboard shops offering amazing discounts. A kid’s club and for those who like a bit of luxury, there’s a Club Lounge. Inbound and Outbound tourists are likely to use ferries as a mode of transport to get to close European countries for a short holiday for much cheaper than if they were to use air travel.
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Source 7: www.poferries.com, 2015)
(Picture 3: www.poheritage.com, 2015)
Rail-
There are 26 train operating companies that serve the length and breadth of the UK, to preserve and enhance the benefits for passengers of Britain’s national rail network. In addition, there a private companies operated as visitor attractions for tourists.Most of these companies operate regional and local routes, for example Northern Rail, but others operate trunk routes or in major areas of the country, for example Virgin Trains.
Train companies seek to win customers by providing regular and punctual services on routes which meet the most customers' requirements, with a range of add-on facilities at stations and on the train, at fares which customers feel meet their needs. Virgin Trains has introduced its Pendolino 'tilting' trains, capable of travelling at 140 miles per hour. Pendolino routes include the west coast line from London to Scotland. These luxurious trains offer an onboard audio system with a range of music and radio channels; power points to charge laptops and mobile phones; a shop which sells hot and cold food and drinks, magazines, books, sweets and toiletries; a quiet zone; and special seats and tables for disabled passengers. Virgin Trains offer a range of fares to suit the needs of their passengers. These may include first-class fares; advance purchase fares; group fares; off-peak fares; student, senior citizen and disabled persons' fares; and season tickets. A domestic tourist would use Virgin Trains for business trips to travel to and from meetings as they would be able to work in a relaxed and quiet area whilst travelling.
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Picture 4: www.virgintrains.co.uk, 2015)
Northern Rail offer an around the clock train service to destinations all around the UK on a daily basis. These trains do not offer many facilities except toilets. In addition to this, you cannot reserve and pre book your seats so it is a first-come-first-served basis. Also, Northern Rail trains so not have a class system so all ticket prices are the same (excluding children and senior citizens). These trains are also a lot more regular than Virgin Trains as they only go to local destinations and allow more people to travel on them. Domestic tourists would use Northern Rail trains for a leisure trip isf they were going on a day trip within the UK. This would be because using trains are cheap and they're easier than driving a car.
(Source 22: http://www.northernrail.org/, 2015)
The number of rail journeys made each year has more than doubled since privatisation. 1.65 billion passenger train journeys were taken in the past 12 months (2014-2015) compared to 801 million in 1997. The study also found that the UK's biggest termini, London's Waterloo and Victoria, have more arrivals than European stations such as The Gare du Nord in Paris, Zurich and Frankfurt.
(Source 8 : www.independent.co.uk, 14/09/15)
Coach-
Scheduled coach companies offer a wide range of competitive fares, including young persons' fares (16-26), senior citizen fares, overseas visitors' fares, family fares, advance purchase fares and special promotions. National Express is Britain's largest and most popular coach company. They offer arranged day trips and even airport transfers for people who live a long way away from their nearest airport. Day excursions and longer UK tours are either targeted at UK residents (and are particularly used by older age groups) or at overseas visitors to the UK. Overseas tours are targeted at UK residents.
Onboard services include TV with headsets, comfortable seats and toilet facilities. Some coach holiday companies offer their customers the convenience of a door-to-door service collecting them by taxi from their home to a centeral location for the coach journey.
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Picture 5: www.nationalexpressgroup.com, 2015)
Onboard services include TV with headsets, comfortable seats and toilet facilities. Some coach holiday companies offer their customers the convenience of a door-to-door service collecting them by taxi from their home to a centeral location for the coach journey.
(Source 5: BTEC First Travel & Tourism, King, 2005)
(Picture 5: www.nationalexpressgroup.com, 2015)
Attractions-
There are various types of attractions: man made, natural, historical and cultural.
Top 10 free attractions-
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Top 10 paid attractions-
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Man made attractions-
Man made attractions are attractions that have been purposely built to appeal to UK and overseas visitors. Some
are purpose-built for tourism, such as Alton Towers. Alton Towers is a theme park, water park, and hotel complex in Staffordshire, England. There are 33 rides, 9 rollercoasters, 5 waterslides and 3 hotels on site. For a one day ticket with all access to the theme park it costs £50.40 for an adult and £45.60 for a child. An adult one day ticket for the water park is £15 and £10.50 for a child. This is one of Britain's most popular theme parks and welcomes 2.7 million guests a year. Man made attractions attract leisure tourists or tourists visiting friends and family who're either domestic or inbound. This is because they're usually built for people to have fun on a day out when visiting somewhere.
(Picture 6: forum.towerstimes.co.uk, 2015)
are purpose-built for tourism, such as Alton Towers. Alton Towers is a theme park, water park, and hotel complex in Staffordshire, England. There are 33 rides, 9 rollercoasters, 5 waterslides and 3 hotels on site. For a one day ticket with all access to the theme park it costs £50.40 for an adult and £45.60 for a child. An adult one day ticket for the water park is £15 and £10.50 for a child. This is one of Britain's most popular theme parks and welcomes 2.7 million guests a year. Man made attractions attract leisure tourists or tourists visiting friends and family who're either domestic or inbound. This is because they're usually built for people to have fun on a day out when visiting somewhere.
(Picture 6: forum.towerstimes.co.uk, 2015)
Natural Attractions-
Natural attractions are attractions that have been created by nature. Many of these attractions are given a status to protect the environment and provide facilities for tourists to use so they can enjoy the sights of the attraction but also feel comfortable as well. There are many types of natural attractions such as deserts, beaches, caves and waterfalls. An example of a UK natural attraction is Lake Windermere in the Lake District. Lake Windermere attracts 16.4 million visitors a year and offers boat rides across the lake, water sports and a petting zoo suitable for young children. Natural attractions attract leisure tourists or tourist who're visiting a friend or family member. This is because they're usually cheap or even free and are great for family days out, this attracts many visitors.
(Picture 7: www.lakesiderailway.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 7: www.lakesiderailway.co.uk, 2015)
HERITAGE attractions-
Heritage attractions are attractions that would've been purposely built many years ago and are still standing and are now considered to be historical. There are many historical attractions in the UK including castles, ruins and battlefields. Stonehenge is a popular historical attraction and is a circle of ancient stones erected between 3000BC and 1600BC. No one knows what Stonehenge is and why it was made but it still attracts over 1 million visitors a year. Heritage attractions are made to attract leisure tourist travelling either domestically or inbound. This would be because most heritage sites are world famous and many people from all around the world travel to see them.
(Picture 8: www.english-heritage.org.uk, 2015)
(Picture 8: www.english-heritage.org.uk, 2015)
events-
Events such as festivals and carnivals which are concerned with a country's culture attract many visitors to Britain every year. An example of an event in the UK is Glastonbury Festival. Glastonbury Festival is a five-day music festival that takes place near Pilton, Somerset, England. In addition to contemporary music, the festival hosts dance, comedy, theatre, circus, cabaret, and other arts. Leading pop and rock artists have headlined, alongside thousands of others appearing on smaller stages and performance areas.Glastonbury is the largest greenfield festival in the world, and is now attended by around 175,000 people. It attracts thousands of leisure tourists who are music lovers and are interested in the music culture every year as it is one of the world's most famous festivals. There are also events that are specifically designed for business purposes. An example of this is the Labour Party Conference 2016 in Liverpool. This conference is where all the Labour MPs and representatives meet up to take part in various debates to shape Labour's vision for Britain. Over 11,000 people attend Conference for the wider experiences available. With over 500 fringe events, a vibrant exhibition and great opportunities to network and share ideas.
(Picture 9: www.mirror.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 9: www.mirror.co.uk, 2015)
Tour OPERATORS-
Tour Operators combine into holidays the various products and services offered by travel and tourism companies and sell them as packages to customers according to preference, need and budget. Tour Operators contact accommodation and transport, negotiating lower prices due to the volume of business that they can guarantee. Some large Tour Operators own hotels/hotel chains and airlines in order to have more control over their capacity and offer more competitively priced services to their customers. Tour Operators offer a wide range of packages according to their customers needs and expectations. These could be summer or winter holidays, short-haul destinations, long-haul destinations, suitable for all different age groups or offering different activities such as skiing or diving. Tour Operators can be divided according to the packages they offer. These might be: domestic, organising services for domestic tourists; inbound, organising services for tourists coming into the UK; outbound, organising for services for UK residents travelling abroad.
(Source 19: BTEC National Travel and Tourism)
(Source 19: BTEC National Travel and Tourism)
Mass market-
Mass Market operators, such as Thomson or Thomas Cook, offer holidays that appeal to a large number of customers. This could include a two-week package holiday in Turkey or a week in Spain during the summer months. An outbound tourist would use mass market tour operators for a leisure trip as they provide package holidays to a various number of popular holiday destinations.
(Source 19)
(Picture 10: www.thomson.co.uk, 2015)
(Source 19)
(Picture 10: www.thomson.co.uk, 2015)
Specialist-
The specialist tour operators devise holidays that cater for customer's specific interests, such as Mediterranean cruises for lovers of ancient history with lectures and tours included in the cruise programme. Specialist operators may also focus on a specific destinations Essouira in Morocco as opposed to the more established Agadir, or offer a specific activity such as painting or wine tasting in France. In addition to this, some specialist operators concentrate on religious pilgrims. An example of this is Makkah Tours which specialise in arranging religious tours for Muslims to visit the religious city of Mecca. Outbound tourists, such as a school trip, would use a specialist tour operator to plan an educational visit abroad as they would be able to book the trip around the educational visit.
(Source 19)
(Picture 11: www.arabfinder.net, 2015)
(Source 19)
(Picture 11: www.arabfinder.net, 2015)
Travel Agents-
There are a variety of different types of travel agents: retail, business travel agents; call centre and web-based.
Retail-
A Retail travel agent are a company who advise people when they are travelling about different hotels around the area they are travelling to and about the weather conditions and the different currency exchange. They usually have their own aircrafts or work in a coherence with another airline so their passengers are able to travel with ease. An example of a retail travel agents is Cooperative Travel. Cooperative travel have in store travel agents all around the country in different high streets and offer package holidays to a variety of different popular destinations. Leisure tourists are likely to use retail travel agents to seek advice on which holiday would suit them best and any information they need on their destination.
(Source 23: www.co-operativetravel.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 12: www.co-operativetravel.co.uk, 2015)
(Source 23: www.co-operativetravel.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 12: www.co-operativetravel.co.uk, 2015)
Business-
A Business travel agent concentrates on travel services for companies and businesses. Also they focus mostly on short notice trips where the timing of the flight is a ot more important than the price of the flight for the tourist. An example of a business travel agent is American Express Business Travel. American Express Business Travel specialise in organising and booking accommodations, transport, conference rooms and other facilities which are needed for a business trip. Business tourists are likely to use business travel agents to make sure that their meetings are ran as smoothly as possible and are organised thoroughly.
(Source 24: www.amexglobalbusinesstravel.com, 2015)
(Picture 13: www.travelprocurementsymposium.com, 2015)
(Source 24: www.amexglobalbusinesstravel.com, 2015)
(Picture 13: www.travelprocurementsymposium.com, 2015)
Call centre-
A Call Centre travel agent is a company which sells products over the phone and every day they have to reach a certain number of sales they make per day. An example of a call centre travel agents is Eye for Travel. Eye for Travel produces world leading conferences, reports, webinars and news for senior executives of the online travel industry. Eye for Travel allows people to find different deals for a variety of holidays over the phone. This will allow them to find the cheapest prices with a number of different airlines and travel agents. Outbound tourists would use call centre travel agents if they need advice on finding the cheapest deal possible for their holiday of choice.
(Source 25: www.eyefortravel.com, 2015)
(Picture 14: blog.lionbridge.com, 2015)
(Source 25: www.eyefortravel.com, 2015)
(Picture 14: blog.lionbridge.com, 2015)
Web-based-
A Web Based travel agent is a company that sells holidays over the internet. An example of these websites would be Expedia. Expedia allows you to create you own holiday by independently selecting your destination, accommodation ad flights. Expedia works by analysing all your selections to find you the cheapest price possible for your holiday. An outbound tourist would use a web based travel agent if they want more independence when booking their holiday or if they already know what they are doing and where they are going and do not need to find out any more information on their destination.
(Source 26: www.expedia.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 15: viewfinder.expedia.com, 2015)
(Source 26: www.expedia.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 15: viewfinder.expedia.com, 2015)
Tourist Boards-
Local-
A local tourist board provides information about what is happening in the town and what events are going to take place. An example of a tourist board is Visit Bolton. Visit Bolton provides information about what attractions there are to visit in Bolton and how good they are. In addition to this, Visit Bolton also informs people on what events are taking place in the town throughout the year and where they will be. Domestic tourists may use local tourist boards to find out information about events that is happening in their area or another area which they are planning on visiting.
(Source 27: www.visitbolton.com, 2015)
(Picture 16: twitter.com, 2015)
(Source 27: www.visitbolton.com, 2015)
(Picture 16: twitter.com, 2015)
National-
A national tourist board provides information about what there is to do in a country and what events are taking place. An Example of a national tourist board is Visit Britain. Visit Britain provides information about what attractions there are to see in a country and what events will be happening and where they will be happening. Inbound tourists would use national tourist boards to find out information on a country that they are visiting and what they will be able to see/do whilst there.
(Source 28: www.visitbritain.com, 2015)
(Picture 17: www.visitbritain.org, 2015)
(Source 28: www.visitbritain.com, 2015)
(Picture 17: www.visitbritain.org, 2015)
trade associations-
Association of independent tour operators (Aito)-
Association of Independent Tour Operators was set up for the smaller travel companies. The Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO) is an umbrella organisation that represents 122 of Britain's best independent tour operators. Our members specialise in destinations or types of holiday about which they are particularly passionate, meaning they are uniquely placed to provide personalised advice based on first-hand experience. AITO ensures holiday makers that tour operators are genuine and will refund passengers if something financially goes wrong.
(Source 29: www.aito.com, 2015)
(Picture 18: www.aitobrand.co.uk, 2015)
(Source 29: www.aito.com, 2015)
(Picture 18: www.aitobrand.co.uk, 2015)
Association of British Travel agents (ABTA)-
ABTA is in control of all travel agents. This means that if someone encountered a problem with something which a travel agent has arranged or had any say in, they're able to make a complaint to ABTA if they believe it is the travel agents fault. ABTA offer a access to fast, cost-effective and independent complaints resolution service which could save you time, money and hassle. ABTA also allows people to feel relaxed and at ease that their holiday will be of high standards and not a con.
(Source 30: abta.com, 2015)
(Picture 19: abta.com, 2015)
(Source 30: abta.com, 2015)
(Picture 19: abta.com, 2015)
Ancillary services-
Insurance-
Insurance is an extra that people invest it when travelling abroad. Travel insurance prevents high bills if you need to seek medical attention during your holiday. The benefits of having travel insurance is so you do not have to pay a full medical bill as the insurance company pays part of it. TravelSupermarket.com is a popular travel insurance website. TravelSupermarket.com offer a wide range of different types of insurances. For example they offer, travel insurance for over 65's, family travel insurance and cruise travel insurance. This is because you are more likely to encounter some problems on a different type of holiday than another and some people are more vulnerable to accidents such as the elderly and children. Outbound tourist are likely to take out travel insurance when going on a leisure trip abroad. This is so they're able to receive any medical treatment they may need whilst they're on their holiday.
(Source 31: www.travelsupermarket.com, 2015)
(Picture 20: www.travelsupermarket.com, 2015)
(Source 31: www.travelsupermarket.com, 2015)
(Picture 20: www.travelsupermarket.com, 2015)
Foreign Exchange-
The foreign exchange is the exchange of pounds into a foreign currency. When going abroad, people change their English pounds into the currency of the country they are visiting so they're able to buy things whilst there. The Post Office is a place where people are able to exchange their money. Every currency is given a value against the pound and the Post Office exchange your amount of pounds for the equal amount of a foreign currency depending on its value. For example, £100 is equal to 460.99 TL (Turkish Lira). Outbound tourists are likely to use foreign exchange services so they're able to convert their pounds to another country's currency when travelling abroad. In addition to this, inbound bound tourists are also likely to use foreign exchange services to convert their money into the pound whilst visiting the UK.
(Source 32: www.postoffice.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 21: www.twyningstores.co.uk, 2015)
(Source 32: www.postoffice.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 21: www.twyningstores.co.uk, 2015)
Car hire-
Whilst visiting another country, you are able to hire a care there. This means you use the car for the duration of your stay and are able to drive it anywhere in the country. Enterprise is a popular car hire company and works in 66 different countries. With Enterprise, you are able to hire a number of different makes and models of cars to suit your preference, this means that different models come at different prices. An Enterprise employee will drive your hired car to the airport or hotel so you are able to pick it up and drive it straight away. Inbound tourist would use care hiring services so they're able to drive freely around a country. People may do this is they visit a destination frequently and know the area well. In addition to this, business may use car hire when they have meetings abroad so they can get to and from places with ease.
(Source 33: www.enterprise.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 22: dandmautobody.com, 2015)
(Source 33: www.enterprise.co.uk, 2015)
(Picture 22: dandmautobody.com, 2015)